Active CBT components included in the SPARK resilience programme.

<p>Active CBT components included in the SPARK resilience programme.</p

Growth curve model for resilience.

<p>Growth curve model-predicted resilience mean values for the different assessments of treatment and control cohorts (the control cohort assessment is directly comparable to the 12 month follow-up assessment of the treatment cohort).</p

Descriptive statistics and unadjusted associations for outcome variables of the control cohort (N = 208)

<p>Descriptive statistics and unadjusted associations for outcome variables of the control cohort (N = 208)</p

Descriptive statistics and unadjusted associations for outcome variables of the treatment cohort (N = 230)

<p>Descriptive statistics and unadjusted associations for outcome variables of the treatment cohort (N = 230)</p

Summary of results based on growth curve model-predicted resilience and depression scores

<p>Summary of results based on growth curve model-predicted resilience and depression scores</p

Flow chart of the applied two cohort treatment/control design.

<p>Flow chart of the applied two cohort treatment/control design.</p

Illustrates time course of skin conductance responses (SCR, group means).

<p>For this illustration the median (neuroticism score: 1.67) served as the boundary between the high and the low neuroticism groups (please note: in the statistical model neuroticism was used as continuous variable). Five video clip presentations were averaged into one block, i.e. the first block summarizes five video clip presentations that showed laughing infants at the beginning of the fMRI experiment, the following six blocks summarize each five video clip presentations that showed crying children, and finally the last block summarizes five video clip presentations that showed laughing children at the end of the fMRI experiment. Women scoring higher on neuroticism showed overall stronger skin conductance responses to the ongoing exposure to film clips of crying infants. Error bars indicate standard errors.</p

Illustrates significant fMRI blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal decline during crying infant (CI) presentations.

<p>Significant response decrements (<i>p</i> < 0.05, FWE-corrected) during CI presentations are shown in purple and rendered on a standard brain surface, (<b>a</b>) the left and (<b>b</b>) right hemisphere. The outline of brain-surface projections of the areas BA44/45 and TE3 from a probabilistic atlas system [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161181#pone.0161181.ref041" target="_blank">41</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161181#pone.0161181.ref042" target="_blank">42</a>] are indicated by black and green lines. <b>(c)</b> to <b>(f)</b>: Significant BOLD signal decline (i.e., habituation) was found in the fusiform gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, TE3 (superior temporal gyrus [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161181#pone.0161181.ref040" target="_blank">40</a>]), and in the right BA 45. Median percentage of BOLD signal change over the 30 CI presentations for the four example peaks shown in (a) and (b). Error bars indicate standard errors.</p

Significant fMRI blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal decline during crying infant presentations.

<p>(<i>p</i> < 0.05 FWE corrected, clustersize clustersize ≥ 15 voxel). IPC = inferior parietal cortex, hOC = human occipital lobe, Te = auditory cortex, EC = entorhinal cortex, SUB = subicular complex, LB = laterobasal amygdala, area 45 = Broca’s homologue, and area 6 = premotor cortex. Peak MNI-coordinates and T-values are given. Anatomical assignments were performed using a probabilistic anatomical atlas system [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161181#pone.0161181.ref041" target="_blank">41</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161181#pone.0161181.ref042" target="_blank">42</a>]</p

Significant fMRI blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal for the contrast <i>perception of crying infants > baseline</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05 FWE corrected, clustersize clustersize ≥ 15 voxel).

<p>Peak MNI-coordinates and T-values are given. Anatomical assignments were performed using a probabilistic anatomical atlas system [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161181#pone.0161181.ref041" target="_blank">41</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161181#pone.0161181.ref042" target="_blank">42</a>].</p